100 Academic Terms for TOEFL Reading Passages

No.	Term	Definition
1.	Abstract	Summary of a study or paper.
2.	Academia	Scholarly community and institutions.
3.	Accumulate	Gather or build up over time.
4.	Accurate	Correct and free from error.
5.	Acknowledge	Recognize as true or valid.
6.	Acquire	Gain or obtain something.
7.	Adapt	Adjust to new conditions.
8.	Adequate	Enough for a specific need.
9.	Advocate	Support publicly; a supporter.
10.	Affect	Influence or change something.
11.	Aggregate	Total formed from separate parts.
12.	Allocate	Distribute for a purpose.
13.	Ambiguous	Unclear; having multiple meanings.
14.	Analyze	Examine closely to understand.
15.	Anomaly	Something that deviates from normal.
16.	Anticipate	Expect or predict beforehand.
17.	Apparent	Clearly seen or understood.
18.	Appendix	Supplementary section at the end.
19.	Apply	Use in a particular case.
20.	Approach	Method of dealing with something.
21.	Approximate	Close to the actual value.
22.	Arbitrary	Based on random choice.
23.	Aspect	A particular feature or part.
24.	Assess	Evaluate the quality or value.
25.	Assumption	Accepted belief without proof.
26.	Attribute	A characteristic; to ascribe.
27.	Authority	Expert source or official power.
28.	Bias	Unfair preference affecting judgment.
29.	Brief	Short in duration or length.
30.	Category	Group sharing common features.
31.	Cite	Refer to a source as evidence.
32.	Clarify	Make something easier to understand.
33.	Coherent	Logical and consistent.
34.	Coincide	Occur at the same time.
35.	Collaborate	Work together toward a goal.
36.	Compile	Collect and assemble information.
37.	Complex	Made of many interconnected parts.
38.	Component	One part of a larger whole.
39.	Comprehensive	Covering all or nearly all.
40.	Conclude	Reach a final judgment.
41.	Conduct	Carry out; manage an activity.
42.	Confirm	Verify as true or accurate.
43.	Consequence	Result or effect of an action.
44.	Considerable	Large in amount or extent.
45.	Consistent	Not contradictory; steady over time.
46.	Constitute	Make up; form the basis.
47.	Constraint	Limitation or restriction.
48.	Contrast	Show differences between things.
49.	Contribute	Give to a shared result.
50.	Controversy	Public disagreement on an issue.
51.	Conventional	Following accepted practices.
52.	Correlate	Show a relationship between variables.
53.	Criteria	Standards used for judging.
54.	Crucial	Extremely important; decisive.
55.	Data	Information collected for analysis.
56.	Debate	Formal discussion of opposing views.
57.	Deduce	Infer logically from evidence.
58.	Define	State the exact meaning.
59.	Demonstrate	Show clearly with evidence.
60.	Derive	Obtain from a source.
61.	Design	Plan or create systematically.
62.	Detect	Discover or notice something.
63.	Deviate	Depart from an established path.
64.	Differentiate	Recognize or show differences.
65.	Dimension	Measurable aspect; size or scope.
66.	Distribute	Deliver or spread among recipients.
67.	Diverse	Varied; showing differences.
68.	Document	Record in written form.
69.	Draft	Preliminary version of a text.
70.	Emerge	Come into view or develop.
71.	Emphasis	Special importance given to something.
72.	Empirical	Based on observation or experiment.
73.	Enhance	Improve in quality or value.
74.	Ensure	Make certain; guarantee.
75.	Establish	Set up or prove firmly.
76.	Evaluate	Judge value using evidence.
77.	Evidence	Information supporting a claim.
78.	Exclude	Leave out; not include.
79.	Exhibit	Show; display; demonstrate.
80.	Expand	Increase in size or scope.
81.	Explicit	Clearly stated and unambiguous.
82.	Factor	Element contributing to a result.
83.	Feature	Distinctive attribute or part.
84.	Fluctuate	Change irregularly over time.
85.	Framework	Basic structure guiding analysis.
86.	Function	Purpose or role; to operate.
87.	Generate	Produce or create something.
88.	Hypothesis	Testable proposed explanation.
89.	Identify	Recognize and name correctly.
90.	Illustrate	Explain using examples or images.
91.	Impact	Strong effect or influence.
92.	Implement	Put a plan into action.
93.	Imply	Suggest indirectly.
94.	Include	Contain as part of a whole.
95.	Inconsistent	Not in agreement; contradictory.
96.	Indicate	Point out; show a sign.
97.	Infer	Conclude from evidence and reasoning.
98.	Innovation	New method, idea, or product.
99.	Interpret	Explain the meaning of something.
100.	Intervene	Become involved to affect outcome.