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100 Essential Vocabulary Words for TOEFL iBT

March 7, 2026

100 Essential Vocabulary Words for TOEFL iBT

No. Term Definition
1. Abundant Plentiful; more than enough.
2. Accumulate Gather gradually over time.
3. Acquire Obtain; gain possession or skill.
4. Advocate Support publicly; a supporter.
5. Affect Influence; produce a change.
6. Alleviate Make less severe; relieve.
7. Ambiguous Unclear; having multiple meanings.
8. Analyze Examine closely to understand.
9. Anticipate Expect; prepare for in advance.
10. Apparent Clearly visible; obvious.
11. Appropriate Suitable; proper for situation.
12. Arbitrary Based on random choice.
13. Assess Evaluate; judge the value.
14. Assume Accept as true without proof.
15. Attain Achieve; reach a goal.
16. Attribute A quality; ascribe a cause.
17. Beneficial Helpful; producing good results.
18. Bias Unfair preference for one side.
19. Brief Short in time or length.
20. Catalyst Something that speeds change.
21. Coherent Logical; well organized and clear.
22. Coincide Occur at the same time.
23. Compile Collect and assemble information.
24. Comprehensive Covering all or nearly all.
25. Conclude Decide after reasoning.
26. Consequence Result; effect of an action.
27. Considerable Large; significant in amount.
28. Consistent Steady; not contradictory.
29. Constitute Make up; form as a whole.
30. Constraint A limit; restriction.
31. Contemporary Modern; from the same time.
32. Contradict State the opposite; deny.
33. Controversy Public disagreement; heated debate.
34. Conventional Traditional; widely accepted.
35. Correlate Show a mutual relationship.
36. Crucial Extremely important; decisive.
37. Cumulative Increasing by successive additions.
38. Deduce Infer logically from evidence.
39. Deficient Lacking; not enough.
40. Delineate Describe precisely; outline.
41. Demonstrate Show clearly with evidence.
42. Dense Closely packed; thick.
43. Depict Represent in words or images.
44. Derive Obtain from a source.
45. Diminish Reduce; become smaller.
46. Discrete Separate; distinct.
47. Diverse Varied; showing differences.
48. Domain Area of knowledge or control.
49. Emerge Come into view; arise.
50. Emphasize Give special importance to.
51. Empirical Based on observation or experiment.
52. Enable Make possible; allow.
53. Encounter Meet unexpectedly; experience.
54. Enhance Improve; increase quality or value.
55. Enormous Very large; huge.
56. Ensure Make certain; guarantee.
57. Establish Set up; prove firmly.
58. Evaluate Assess; judge carefully.
59. Evident Clear; easily understood.
60. Exceed Go beyond a limit.
61. Exclude Leave out; prevent inclusion.
62. Exhibit Show; display publicly.
63. Expand Increase in size or scope.
64. Explicit Clearly stated; not implied.
65. Facilitate Make easier; help bring about.
66. Feasible Possible; practical to do.
67. Fluctuate Change irregularly; vary.
68. Foundation Basic support; underlying basis.
69. Function Purpose; operate in a role.
70. Fundamental Basic; essential; primary.
71. Generate Produce; create; cause.
72. Hypothesis Testable proposed explanation.
73. Identify Recognize; establish who or what.
74. Illustrate Explain with examples or images.
75. Impact Strong effect; influence.
76. Implement Put into action; carry out.
77. Implicit Suggested but not stated.
78. Indicate Show; point out; signal.
79. Inevitable Certain to happen; unavoidable.
80. Infer Conclude from evidence and reasoning.
81. Innovate Introduce new ideas or methods.
82. Integrate Combine into a whole.
83. Interpret Explain meaning; understand.
84. Isolate Separate from others.
85. Justify Provide reasons; show as right.
86. Maintain Keep in good condition; continue.
87. Majority More than half of a group.
88. Maximize Make as large as possible.
89. Method Systematic way of doing something.
90. Minimize Reduce to the smallest amount.
91. Modify Change slightly; adjust.
92. Monitor Observe and check regularly.
93. Negligible Too small to matter.
94. Notion An idea; a belief.
95. Obtain Get; acquire; secure.
96. Occur Happen; take place.
97. Overall Considering everything; general.
98. Parameter A limiting factor; boundary.
99. Persist Continue firmly despite difficulty.
100. Phenomenon Observable event or occurrence.
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