| No. | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | 1.5 twist | One and a half full twists. |
| 2. | 2.5 twist | Two and a half full twists. |
| 3. | 3/4 turn | Three-quarter rotation on landing. |
| 4. | aerial | No-hands cartwheel-like skill. |
| 5. | all-around | Combined score across all events. |
| 6. | apparatus | Equipment used in gymnastics events. |
| 7. | approach run | Run-up before vaulting. |
| 8. | arch | Back-bent hollow-to-arched body shape. |
| 9. | arm swing | Swinging arms to generate lift. |
| 10. | balance beam | Narrow beam for women’s routines. |
| 11. | bars | General term for bar apparatus. |
| 12. | block | Powerful push off hands on vault. |
| 13. | body line | Straight, aligned posture in skills. |
| 14. | cartwheel | Sideways hand-supported rotation. |
| 15. | chalk | Powder to improve grip. |
| 16. | choreography | Planned dance and movement sequence. |
| 17. | clean landing | Stable landing without steps. |
| 18. | coach | Trainer who instructs and spots. |
| 19. | code of points | Rulebook for scoring routines. |
| 20. | core strength | Abdominal and back stability power. |
| 21. | D-score | Difficulty score from elements. |
| 22. | deduction | Points subtracted for errors. |
| 23. | dismount | Final skill leaving the apparatus. |
| 24. | double back | Two backward somersaults in tuck. |
| 25. | double twist | Two full rotations around body axis. |
| 26. | drill | Repetitive practice exercise. |
| 27. | dynamics | Power and speed in movement. |
| 28. | E-score | Execution score after deductions. |
| 29. | elasticity | Springiness in muscles and joints. |
| 30. | elite | Top competitive level in gymnastics. |
| 31. | execution | Quality score for performed routine. |
| 32. | extension | Fully straightened body or limbs. |
| 33. | FIG | International Gymnastics Federation. |
| 34. | flexibility | Range of motion in joints. |
| 35. | flight phase | Airborne portion of a skill. |
| 36. | floor exercise | Routine performed on sprung floor. |
| 37. | flop | Loose form causing loss of control. |
| 38. | front handspring | Forward spring to hands then feet. |
| 39. | giant swing | Full circle swing on high bar. |
| 40. | glide kip | Bar skill: glide then pull to support. |
| 41. | grip | Hand protection for bar events. |
| 42. | gym | Training facility for gymnastics. |
| 43. | gymnast | Person who practices gymnastics. |
| 44. | handstand | Vertical balance on hands. |
| 45. | high bar | Men’s single horizontal bar event. |
| 46. | hold | Static position maintained briefly. |
| 47. | hollow body | Rounded core-tight body shape. |
| 48. | inbar | Bar skill with hips close to bar. |
| 49. | inversion | Body upside down in a skill. |
| 50. | iron cross | Rings hold with arms horizontal. |
| 51. | judge | Official who scores routines. |
| 52. | jump | Takeoff using one or two feet. |
| 53. | jurisdiction | Governing body’s authority area. |
| 54. | kip | Bar move to support position. |
| 55. | layout | Straight-body somersault. |
| 56. | leap | Jump with split or shape. |
| 57. | leotard | One-piece garment for gymnastics. |
| 58. | line judge | Official monitoring floor boundaries. |
| 59. | mat | Padding for safety and landings. |
| 60. | mount | First skill onto an apparatus. |
| 61. | neutral deduction | Penalty not tied to execution. |
| 62. | neutral spine | Natural back alignment during skills. |
| 63. | open hips | Extended hips in shapes or landings. |
| 64. | out of bounds | Stepping beyond floor area lines. |
| 65. | over-rotation | Rotating past intended landing. |
| 66. | pike | Straight legs, bent at hips. |
| 67. | pommel horse | Men’s event with circular leg swings. |
| 68. | power | Strength applied quickly for height. |
| 69. | press handstand | Lift to handstand without jumping. |
| 70. | qualification | Round to advance to finals. |
| 71. | release move | Letting go of bar in flight. |
| 72. | rhythm | Flow and timing through routine. |
| 73. | ring swing | Pendulum motion on still rings. |
| 74. | routine | Planned sequence of skills. |
| 75. | salute | Formal start or end gesture. |
| 76. | scoring | Assigning points to routines. |
| 77. | sequence | Connected series of skills. |
| 78. | side aerial | Aerial performed sideways without hands. |
| 79. | split | Legs extended in opposite directions. |
| 80. | spotting | Assisting for safety and technique. |
| 81. | sprung floor | Floor with bounce for tumbling. |
| 82. | stick | Landing without movement. |
| 83. | straddle | Legs apart position, often straight. |
| 84. | strength element | Skill requiring static or power hold. |
| 85. | tension | Muscular tightness to maintain form. |
| 86. | tuck | Knees pulled to chest in salto. |
| 87. | tumbling | Acrobatic skills across the floor. |
| 88. | turn | Rotation on one foot or hand. |
| 89. | twist | Rotation around body’s vertical axis. |
| 90. | under-rotation | Not rotating enough to land properly. |
| 91. | uneven bars | Women’s bars with two heights. |
| 92. | upright landing | Landing with chest up, stable. |
| 93. | vault | Event: sprint, springboard, table. |
| 94. | vault table | Modern padded vaulting apparatus. |
| 95. | vertical | Straight up-and-down body alignment. |
| 96. | video review | Judges review routine footage. |
| 97. | warm-up | Preparation exercises before training. |
| 98. | wobble | Visible balance correction on beam. |
| 99. | wolf turn | Spin in low squat position. |
| 100. | wrap grip | Gripping bar with thumb wrapped. |
