| No. | Term | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | abrasion resistance | Ability to resist surface wear. |
| 2. | acid pickling | Acid cleaning to remove scale. |
| 3. | alloy | Mixture of metals or metal plus nonmetal. |
| 4. | aluminum | Lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal. |
| 5. | annealing | Heat treatment to soften metal. |
| 6. | anode | Electrode where oxidation occurs. |
| 7. | arc welding | Welding using an electric arc. |
| 8. | austenite | High-temperature steel crystal phase. |
| 9. | bar stock | Metal supplied as bars. |
| 10. | base metal | Primary metal in an alloy. |
| 11. | billet | Semi-finished metal block for rolling. |
| 12. | blast furnace | Furnace for smelting iron ore. |
| 13. | brass | Copper-zinc alloy. |
| 14. | brazing | Joining with filler below melting point. |
| 15. | bronze | Copper-tin alloy. |
| 16. | burr | Rough edge after cutting. |
| 17. | carbon steel | Steel with carbon as main alloying. |
| 18. | case hardening | Hard surface, tough core treatment. |
| 19. | cast iron | Iron alloy with high carbon. |
| 20. | casting | Shaping by pouring molten metal. |
| 21. | cathode | Electrode where reduction occurs. |
| 22. | cold rolling | Rolling below recrystallization temperature. |
| 23. | conductivity | Ability to conduct heat or electricity. |
| 24. | corrosion | Chemical deterioration of a metal. |
| 25. | creep | Slow deformation under constant stress. |
| 26. | crucible | Container for melting metals. |
| 27. | decarburization | Loss of carbon from steel surface. |
| 28. | deformation | Change in shape under force. |
| 29. | density | Mass per unit volume. |
| 30. | die casting | Casting into reusable metal molds. |
| 31. | ductility | Ability to stretch without breaking. |
| 32. | electroplating | Metal coating by electric current. |
| 33. | electropolishing | Electrochemical smoothing and brightening. |
| 34. | elongation | Increase in length before fracture. |
| 35. | extrusion | Forcing metal through a die. |
| 36. | fatigue | Failure from repeated loading. |
| 37. | ferrite | Low-carbon iron crystal phase. |
| 38. | ferrous | Containing iron. |
| 39. | flux | Cleaning agent used in soldering. |
| 40. | forge | Heat and shape metal by hammering. |
| 41. | forging | Shaping metal by compressive force. |
| 42. | galvanizing | Zinc coating to prevent rust. |
| 43. | grain boundary | Interface between metal crystals. |
| 44. | grain size | Average size of metal crystals. |
| 45. | grinding | Abrasive machining to remove material. |
| 46. | hardness | Resistance to indentation or scratching. |
| 47. | heat affected zone | Weld area altered by heat. |
| 48. | heat treatment | Controlled heating and cooling process. |
| 49. | hot rolling | Rolling above recrystallization temperature. |
| 50. | ingot | Cast block of metal. |
| 51. | intermetallic | Compound formed between metals. |
| 52. | ion | Charged atom or molecule. |
| 53. | iron | Common structural metal element. |
| 54. | isotope | Same element, different neutron count. |
| 55. | jig | Tool guiding machining or assembly. |
| 56. | joint | Connection point between parts. |
| 57. | kiln | High-temperature heating chamber. |
| 58. | knoop hardness | Hardness measured by Knoop test. |
| 59. | ladle | Tool for handling molten metal. |
| 60. | lattice | Regular atomic arrangement in crystals. |
| 61. | lubricant | Reduces friction during processing. |
| 62. | machining | Shaping by cutting operations. |
| 63. | magnesium | Very light structural metal. |
| 64. | martensite | Hard steel phase from quenching. |
| 65. | milling | Machining with rotating cutters. |
| 66. | molybdenum | Alloying metal improving strength. |
| 67. | nonferrous | Not containing significant iron. |
| 68. | normalizing | Heat treatment refining grain structure. |
| 69. | nugget | Fused weld zone in spot welding. |
| 70. | ore | Rock containing valuable metal. |
| 71. | oxidation | Reaction involving oxygen or electron loss. |
| 72. | passivation | Forming protective surface film. |
| 73. | patina | Surface discoloration from aging. |
| 74. | peening | Hammering to improve surface properties. |
| 75. | phase diagram | Map of phases vs temperature, composition. |
| 76. | plasma cutting | Cutting with ionized gas jet. |
| 77. | polishing | Smoothing to a shiny finish. |
| 78. | powder metallurgy | Forming parts from metal powders. |
| 79. | precipitation hardening | Strengthening by forming fine particles. |
| 80. | quench | Rapid cooling to change structure. |
| 81. | recrystallization | New grains form after deformation. |
| 82. | refractory | Material resistant to high heat. |
| 83. | resistivity | Opposition to electrical current flow. |
| 84. | riveting | Joining using rivets. |
| 85. | rolling mill | Machine that rolls metal sheet. |
| 86. | rust | Iron oxide corrosion product. |
| 87. | sacrificial anode | Anode that corrodes to protect metal. |
| 88. | scaling | Oxide layer formed by heating. |
| 89. | shear strength | Resistance to sliding failure. |
| 90. | sheet metal | Metal formed into thin flat pieces. |
| 91. | slag | Byproduct from smelting impurities. |
| 92. | smelting | Extracting metal by heating ore. |
| 93. | soldering | Joining with low-melting filler metal. |
| 94. | stainless steel | Corrosion-resistant steel with chromium. |
| 95. | strain | Deformation relative to original length. |
| 96. | stress | Force per unit area. |
| 97. | tempering | Reheating to reduce brittleness. |
| 98. | tensile strength | Maximum stress before breaking. |
| 99. | thermal expansion | Size increase with temperature rise. |
| 100. | titanium | Strong, light, corrosion-resistant metal. |
