Complete the 12 sentences below. Choose the best answer for each one.
1The report was excluded ............... inconsistent sampling.
Wrong!
"because of" concisely links the noun phrase "inconsistent sampling" as the cause; the clause option would be ungrammatical before a noun phrase.
2The review included only ............... articles.
Wrong!
"relevant" is the concise premodifier; the relative clause repeats the same idea less economically.
3The algorithm was implemented ............... the model's accuracy.
Wrong!
"to improve" expresses purpose directly and concisely after "implemented".
4These factors ............... the variance.
Wrong!
"explain" is the concise verb; the light-verb phrase says the same thing less directly.
5The preliminary findings are promising; ..............., the sample remains too small for firm conclusions.
Wrong!
"However" gives the contrast concisely; the longer option adds unnecessary framing without changing the relation.
6............... the limitations, the study offers a useful baseline.
Wrong!
"Despite" is followed by the noun phrase "the limitations"; "Although" would require a clause.
7The researchers ............... the interview transcripts for recurring themes.
Wrong!
"analysed" gives a concise active sentence with "the researchers" as subject.
8The claim is difficult to evaluate ............... the control group was not comparable.
Wrong!
"because" introduces the reason clause concisely; the longer phrase is unnecessary.
9............... respondents reported difficulties accessing the portal.
Wrong!
"many" is the concise quantifier before a plural count noun.
10The intervention was designed ............... dropout rates among first-year students.
Wrong!
"to reduce" states the aim directly and concisely after "was designed".
11The discrepancy ............... regional variation rather than measurement error.
Wrong!
"may reflect" expresses cautious interpretation concisely.
12This adjustment is ............... to alter the overall interpretation of the results.
Wrong!
"unlikely" is the more concise adjective before the infinitive complement.
Answers
- The report was excluded because of inconsistent sampling.
- The review included only relevant articles.
- The algorithm was implemented to improve the model’s accuracy.
- These factors explain the variance.
- The preliminary findings are promising; However, the sample remains too small for firm conclusions.
- Despite the limitations, the study offers a useful baseline.
- The researchers analysed the interview transcripts for recurring themes.
- The claim is difficult to evaluate because the control group was not comparable.
- many respondents reported difficulties accessing the portal.
- The intervention was designed to reduce dropout rates among first-year students.
- The discrepancy may reflect regional variation rather than measurement error.
- This adjustment is unlikely to alter the overall interpretation of the results.
