| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | accent | distinctive pronunciation pattern |
| 2. | acronym | word from initial letters |
| 3. | adjective | word describing a noun |
| 4. | adverb | word modifying verb or adjective |
| 5. | affix | bound element added to base |
| 6. | alliteration | repetition of initial sounds |
| 7. | anaphora | repetition at clause beginnings |
| 8. | archaism | old-fashioned word or usage |
| 9. | article | word marking definiteness or indefiniteness |
| 10. | assonance | repetition of vowel sounds |
| 11. | blending | word formation by merging parts |
| 12. | calque | loan translation from another language |
| 13. | clause | group with subject and verb |
| 14. | collocation | words commonly used together |
| 15. | colloquialism | informal everyday expression |
| 16. | compounding | word formation by combining words |
| 17. | conjunction | word joining words or clauses |
| 18. | connotation | associated emotional meaning |
| 19. | consonance | repetition of consonant sounds |
| 20. | conversion | word class change without form |
| 21. | deixis | context-dependent pointing expression |
| 22. | denotation | literal dictionary meaning |
| 23. | derivation | word formation by affixes |
| 24. | determiner | word introducing a noun |
| 25. | dialect | regional or social variety |
| 26. | digraph | two letters for one sound |
| 27. | diphthong | gliding vowel sound |
| 28. | dysphemism | harsh term for neutral one |
| 29. | ellipsis | omission of understood words |
| 30. | epistrophe | repetition at clause endings |
| 31. | etymology | history of a word |
| 32. | euphemism | mild term for harsh one |
| 33. | fricative | sound made by friction |
| 34. | gender | grammatical class of nouns |
| 35. | gerund | -ing form used as noun |
| 36. | grammar | system of language rules |
| 37. | grapheme | smallest distinctive written unit |
| 38. | homograph | same spelling, different meaning |
| 39. | homonym | same form, different meanings |
| 40. | homophone | same sound, different meaning |
| 41. | hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration for effect |
| 42. | hypernym | more general term |
| 43. | hyponym | more specific term |
| 44. | idiolect | individual person’s language variety |
| 45. | idiom | fixed phrase with figurative meaning |
| 46. | implicature | suggested but unstated meaning |
| 47. | inflection | form change showing grammar |
| 48. | initialism | letters pronounced separately |
| 49. | interjection | sudden exclamation or reaction word |
| 50. | intonation | rise and fall of voice |
| 51. | irony | meaning opposite of words |
| 52. | jargon | specialized language of a group |
| 53. | lexeme | abstract unit of vocabulary |
| 54. | lexicon | vocabulary of a language |
| 55. | litotes | understatement using negation |
| 56. | loanword | word borrowed from another language |
| 57. | metaphor | implied comparison without like |
| 58. | metonymy | substitution by close association |
| 59. | modality | expression of possibility or necessity |
| 60. | mood | verb form showing attitude |
| 61. | morpheme | smallest meaningful language unit |
| 62. | morphology | study of word structure |
| 63. | nasal | sound through the nose |
| 64. | negation | expression of denial or absence |
| 65. | neologism | newly coined word or phrase |
| 66. | noun | word naming person, place, thing |
| 67. | onomatopoeia | word imitating a sound |
| 68. | orthography | conventional spelling system |
| 69. | oxymoron | paired contradictory terms |
| 70. | paradox | seeming contradiction with truth |
| 71. | phoneme | smallest distinctive speech sound |
| 72. | phonetics | study of speech sounds |
| 73. | phonology | sound system of a language |
| 74. | phrase | group of words without clause |
| 75. | pragmatics | study of language in context |
| 76. | preposition | word showing relation or position |
| 77. | pronoun | word replacing a noun |
| 78. | proverb | traditional saying with advice |
| 79. | pun | play on word meanings |
| 80. | reduplication | repetition in word formation |
| 81. | register | language style for situation |
| 82. | root | core form carrying meaning |
| 83. | sarcasm | cutting ironic remark |
| 84. | semantics | study of meaning in language |
| 85. | sentence | complete unit of meaning |
| 86. | simile | comparison using like or as |
| 87. | slang | informal nonstandard vocabulary |
| 88. | stress | emphasis on a syllable |
| 89. | suffix | element added at end |
| 90. | syllable | sound unit in a word |
| 91. | synecdoche | part standing for whole |
| 92. | syntax | rules for arranging words |
| 93. | tense | verb form showing time |
| 94. | transcription | written representation of speech |
| 95. | translation | rendering meaning in another language |
| 96. | transliteration | writing in another script |
| 97. | verb | word expressing action or state |
| 98. | voice | grammatical relation of action |
| 99. | voicing | use of vocal cord vibration |
| 100. | vowel | speech sound without blockage |
