Choose the participle clause that best completes each sentence.
1All internal avenues of appeal ............... by the committee's final refusal, the claimant then sought judicial review.
Wrong!
"having been exhausted" marks the completed prior condition established by "by the committee's final refusal" and "then".
2............... in full before being admitted to the hearing, each observer signed the confidentiality declaration without requesting clarification.
Wrong!
"Having been briefed" shows that the passive briefing was completed before the observers were admitted.
3Applicants ............... public funding when they submit the form must disclose it; those whose grants have already ended need not.
Wrong!
"receiving" describes funding that is still ongoing when the form is submitted, unlike the grants explicitly said to have ended.
4............... in isolation, the figures appear to support a conclusion that the full report ultimately qualifies.
Wrong!
"Viewed" is passive because the figures are the material being considered in isolation, not the agent doing the viewing.
5............... the report, the reviewer noticed, halfway through chapter four, that two tables had been transposed.
Wrong!
"Reading" presents the noticing as occurring during the unfinished activity, as shown by "halfway through chapter four".
6The archive was digitised, ............... researchers to compare revisions that had previously been held in separate locations.
Wrong!
"allowing" introduces the direct result of digitising the archive rather than an action completed beforehand.
7The chair adjourned the meeting, ............... the absence of a quorum as the reason in the same announcement.
Wrong!
"citing" presents the reason as part of the same announcement in which the chair adjourned the meeting.
8............... before she entered the courtroom, the witness could not plausibly claim ignorance of the consequences of deliberate omission.
Wrong!
"Having been warned" marks a completed passive event that occurred before the witness entered the courtroom.
9The proposal, ............... after counsel had identified a jurisdictional defect, was resubmitted before the statutory deadline expired.
Wrong!
"having been amended" shows that the passive amendment was completed before the proposal was resubmitted.
10............... to imply that the figures are final, the spokesperson is carefully describing them as estimates throughout the live briefing.
Wrong!
"Not wishing" expresses the spokesperson's continuing motive during the live briefing, not a completed earlier attitude.
11............... twice by independent teams, the anomaly could no longer be dismissed as a measurement error.
Wrong!
"Having been replicated" marks two completed passive replications that justify the subsequent conclusion.
12............... from the final negotiations despite repeated requests to participate, the union nevertheless endorsed the settlement after consulting its members.
Wrong!
"Having been excluded" gives the union a passive role, consistent with its repeated unsuccessful requests to participate.
Exercise complete
0 out of 12
correct answers
Answers
- All internal avenues of appeal having been exhausted by the committee’s final refusal, the claimant then sought judicial review.
- Having been briefed in full before being admitted to the hearing, each observer signed the confidentiality declaration without requesting clarification.
- Applicants receiving public funding when they submit the form must disclose it; those whose grants have already ended need not.
- Viewed in isolation, the figures appear to support a conclusion that the full report ultimately qualifies.
- Reading the report, the reviewer noticed, halfway through chapter four, that two tables had been transposed.
- The archive was digitised, allowing researchers to compare revisions that had previously been held in separate locations.
- The chair adjourned the meeting, citing the absence of a quorum as the reason in the same announcement.
- Having been warned before she entered the courtroom, the witness could not plausibly claim ignorance of the consequences of deliberate omission.
- The proposal, having been amended after counsel had identified a jurisdictional defect, was resubmitted before the statutory deadline expired.
- Not wishing to imply that the figures are final, the spokesperson is carefully describing them as estimates throughout the live briefing.
- Having been replicated twice by independent teams, the anomaly could no longer be dismissed as a measurement error.
- Having been excluded from the final negotiations despite repeated requests to participate, the union nevertheless endorsed the settlement after consulting its members.