Complete the 12 sentences below. Choose the best answer for each one.
1The report ............... by the board recommends merging the two compliance teams.
Wrong!
Use the past participle for a passive reduced relative clause: the report was commissioned by the board, so "commissioned" is correct.
2Delegates ............... the briefing were asked to submit their questions in writing.
Wrong!
Use the present participle for an active reduced relative clause: the delegates were attending the briefing, so "attending" is correct.
3............... about the flood risk, the residents moved their valuables upstairs before the river peaked.
Wrong!
Use the perfect passive participle clause to show an earlier passive action: the residents had been warned, so "Having been warned" is correct.
4............... in crisis negotiation, the officers avoided making promises they could not keep.
Wrong!
A concessive reduced clause can keep the subordinator and use a past participle when the subject receives the training; "Although trained" is correct.
5The government released the raw data, ............... the methodology to public scrutiny.
Wrong!
Use an -ing participle clause for the result of the whole previous action; "opening" is correct.
6............... that the figures were provisional, the analyst refused to publish a definitive ranking.
Wrong!
Use an -ing clause for an active reason when the subject does the realizing; "Realising" is correct.
7Companies with offices ............... near the port reported the largest increase in insurance costs.
Wrong!
Use the past participle in a passive reduced relative clause: the offices are located near the port, so "located" is correct.
8Once ............... by the ethics committee, the trial can begin recruiting volunteers.
Wrong!
After 'once', a reduced passive time clause uses a past participle when the plan receives approval; "approved" is correct.
9............... to secure a majority after three attempts, the coalition began negotiating a narrower bill.
Wrong!
Use the perfect participle to emphasise that the failed attempts came before the decision; "Having failed" is correct.
10Several witnesses ............... by the inquiry requested legal representation.
Wrong!
Use 'being' plus a past participle for an ongoing passive reduced relative clause; the witnesses were receiving interviews, so "being interviewed" is correct.
11The lawyer ............... the investors argued that the disclosure had been materially incomplete.
Wrong!
Use an -ing participle for an active reduced relative clause: the lawyer represents the investors, so "representing" is correct.
12..............., the rule would exclude several applicants with strong practical experience.
Wrong!
A reduced conditional passive clause keeps 'if' and uses a past participle when the rule is interpreted; "If interpreted strictly" is correct.
Exercise complete
0 out of 12
correct answers
Answers
- The report commissioned by the board recommends merging the two compliance teams.
- Delegates attending the briefing were asked to submit their questions in writing.
- Having been warned about the flood risk, the residents moved their valuables upstairs before the river peaked.
- Although trained in crisis negotiation, the officers avoided making promises they could not keep.
- The government released the raw data, opening the methodology to public scrutiny.
- Realising that the figures were provisional, the analyst refused to publish a definitive ranking.
- Companies with offices located near the port reported the largest increase in insurance costs.
- Once approved by the ethics committee, the trial can begin recruiting volunteers.
- Having failed to secure a majority after three attempts, the coalition began negotiating a narrower bill.
- Several witnesses being interviewed by the inquiry requested legal representation.
- The lawyer representing the investors argued that the disclosure had been materially incomplete.
- If interpreted strictly , the rule would exclude several applicants with strong practical experience.