Complete the 12 sentences below. Choose the best answer for each one.
1The team ran an online ............... asking 2,000 residents how often they used local parks.
Wrong!
A "survey" collects comparable answers from many people, often through a questionnaire.
2Because the age groups matched the city’s census profile, the researchers described the sample as ...............
Wrong!
A "representative" sample reflects the main characteristics or proportions of the wider population.
3To explore parents’ attitudes in detail, the researcher held a ............... with eight volunteers and a moderator.
Wrong!
A "focus group" is a guided discussion with a small group of participants.
4Each ............... lasted about forty minutes, and participants were encouraged to explain their answers in their own words.
Wrong!
An "interview" involves asking participants questions directly.
5The diary entries and open-ended comments gave the project rich ............... data.
Wrong!
"Qualitative" data are non-numerical and often come from words, stories, or descriptions.
6The questionnaire produced ............... data, including percentages and average satisfaction scores.
Wrong!
"Quantitative" data are numerical, such as percentages, scores, or counts.
7In the analysis, the main ............... was the number of hours each person spent caring for relatives.
Wrong!
A "variable" is a factor that can change or be measured in a study.
8When income and housing status were used to predict stress levels, stress level was the ............... variable.
Wrong!
The "dependent" variable is the outcome that the study tries to explain or predict.
9In a model predicting voting participation from education level, education level is the ............... variable.
Wrong!
An "independent" variable is used to explain or predict changes in another variable.
10The wording “Don’t you agree that the policy is unfair?” was criticised as a ...............
Wrong!
A "leading question" pushes respondents toward a particular answer through its wording.
11Before recording the interviews, the researcher had to obtain ............... from each participant.
Wrong!
"Informed consent" means participants agree after receiving clear information about the study.
12The results showed a strong positive ...............: areas with higher trust in neighbours also reported higher voter turnout.
Wrong!
A "correlation" is a relationship between two variables, such as when both rise together.
Answers
- The team ran an online survey asking 2,000 residents how often they used local parks.
- Because the age groups matched the city’s census profile, the researchers described the sample as representative.
- To explore parents’ attitudes in detail, the researcher held a focus group with eight volunteers and a moderator.
- Each interview lasted about forty minutes, and participants were encouraged to explain their answers in their own words.
- The diary entries and open-ended comments gave the project rich qualitative data.
- The questionnaire produced quantitative data, including percentages and average satisfaction scores.
- In the analysis, the main variable was the number of hours each person spent caring for relatives.
- When income and housing status were used to predict stress levels, stress level was the dependent variable.
- In a model predicting voting participation from education level, education level is the independent variable.
- The wording “Don’t you agree that the policy is unfair?” was criticised as a leading question.
- Before recording the interviews, the researcher had to obtain informed consent from each participant.
- The results showed a strong positive correlation: areas with higher trust in neighbours also reported higher voter turnout.
