100 Terms Every Teacher Trainer Should Know

No.	Term	Definition
1.	Ability grouping	Grouping learners by similar skill levels.
2.	Abstract noun	Noun naming ideas, feelings, qualities.
3.	Academic language	Formal language used in school tasks.
4.	Accommodation	Support changing access, not standards.
5.	Achievement gap	Performance differences between learner groups.
6.	Action research	Classroom inquiry to improve practice.
7.	Active listening	Attentive listening with feedback and clarification.
8.	Affective filter	Emotional barriers that hinder language learning.
9.	Affix	Prefix or suffix added to a word.
10.	Allophone	Variant pronunciation of a phoneme.
11.	Analytic rubric	Rubric scoring multiple criteria separately.
12.	Anchor chart	Posted reference summarizing key learning.
13.	Andragogy	Principles of adult learning.
14.	Antonym	Word with opposite meaning.
15.	Assessment for learning	Ongoing checks guiding next teaching steps.
16.	Attendance rate	Proportion of sessions learners attend.
17.	Authentic assessment	Real-world tasks demonstrating learning.
18.	Background knowledge	Prior knowledge learners bring to tasks.
19.	Backward design	Plan from outcomes, then assessments, lessons.
20.	Behaviorism	Learning shaped by reinforcement and practice.
21.	Benchmark assessment	Periodic measure of progress toward standards.
22.	Blended learning	Mix of online and face-to-face learning.
23.	Bloom’s taxonomy	Framework for cognitive learning levels.
24.	Brainstorming	Rapid idea generation without immediate judgment.
25.	CALP	Cognitive academic language proficiency.
26.	Case study	In-depth analysis of a single instance.
27.	Chunking	Breaking content into manageable parts.
28.	Classroom management	Routines and strategies for orderly learning.
29.	Cloze procedure	Text with missing words to fill.
30.	Cognate	Word similar across languages by origin.
31.	Cognitive load	Mental effort required by a task.
32.	Collaborative learning	Learning through structured group interaction.
33.	Collective efficacy	Shared belief in group impact on learning.
34.	Competency-based learning	Progress based on mastery, not time.
35.	Comprehensible input	Language slightly above current level.
36.	Concept map	Diagram showing relationships among ideas.
37.	Conferencing	One-to-one discussion about learner work.
38.	Constructivism	Learning built through active meaning-making.
39.	Content objectives	What learners will know about content.
40.	Context clues	Text hints to infer word meaning.
41.	Continuous assessment	Frequent assessment integrated with instruction.
42.	Criterion-referenced test	Measures performance against defined standards.
43.	Cross-curricular	Integrating skills and content across subjects.
44.	Decodable text	Text aligned to taught phonics patterns.
45.	Deductive teaching	Rule first, then practice and examples.
46.	Differentiation	Adjusting instruction to learner needs.
47.	Direct instruction	Explicit, teacher-led, structured teaching.
48.	Discourse markers	Words signaling organization and relationships.
49.	Domain-specific vocabulary	Words used mainly in a field.
50.	ELL	English language learner.
51.	Embedded assessment	Assessment built into learning activities.
52.	Engagement	Attention, effort, and participation in learning.
53.	Entry ticket	Quick task at lesson start.
54.	Equity	Fair access and support for success.
55.	Error analysis	Studying mistakes to target instruction.
56.	Essential question	Broad question guiding unit learning.
57.	Exit ticket	Quick check at lesson end.
58.	Experiential learning	Learning through reflection on experience.
59.	Explicit instruction	Clear modeling, guided practice, feedback.
60.	Feedback	Information to improve performance.
61.	Fidelity of implementation	How closely instruction matches intended design.
62.	Flipped classroom	Content learned at home, practice in class.
63.	Fluency	Accurate, smooth, appropriately paced performance.
64.	Formative assessment	Assessment used to improve learning during instruction.
65.	Fossilization	Persistent language errors becoming fixed.
66.	Gap-fill	Exercise completing missing words or phrases.
67.	Genre	Text type with shared features.
68.	Gradual release	I do, we do, you do.
69.	Graphic organizer	Visual tool structuring information.
70.	Guided practice	Supported practice with teacher monitoring.
71.	Higher-order thinking	Analyzing, evaluating, creating beyond recall.
72.	Holistic rubric	Single overall score for performance.
73.	Homophone	Different words with same pronunciation.
74.	Hyponym	Specific word within a broader category.
75.	IEP	Individualized education program plan.
76.	Inductive teaching	Examples first, learners infer the rule.
77.	Inference	Conclusion drawn from evidence and context.
78.	Instructional objective	Specific, measurable learning target.
79.	Interlanguage	Learner’s evolving language system.
80.	Interleaving	Mixing practice of different skills.
81.	Item analysis	Reviewing test items for quality and patterns.
82.	Jigsaw	Group task with expert roles then sharing.
83.	KWL chart	Know, Want, Learned organizer.
84.	L1	First language of a learner.
85.	L2	Second or additional language learned.
86.	Language function	Purpose of language use in context.
87.	Learning intentions	Statements of intended learning outcomes.
88.	Learning modality	Preferred ways of processing information.
89.	Learning progressions	Sequenced steps toward mastery.
90.	Lesson objective	What learners will achieve in a lesson.
91.	Lexile level	Text complexity measure for reading.
92.	Linguistic scaffolding	Language supports enabling participation and growth.
93.	Mastery learning	Advance after demonstrating proficiency.
94.	Metacognition	Awareness and control of one’s thinking.
95.	Microteaching	Short practice lesson with focused feedback.
96.	Misconception	Incorrect prior belief hindering learning.
97.	Modeling	Demonstrating a process or skill.
98.	Morphology	Study of word structure and formation.
99.	Multimodal text	Text using multiple modes, like image and words.
100.	Norm-referenced test	Compares performance to a group.