| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | ACID | transaction reliability properties |
| 2. | atomicity | all or nothing transaction |
| 3. | audit | record and review activity |
| 4. | authentication | verify user identity |
| 5. | authorization | grant allowed actions |
| 6. | availability | system uptime and accessibility |
| 7. | avg | mean of numeric values |
| 8. | backup | copy for recovery |
| 9. | blob | binary large object |
| 10. | boolean | true or false type |
| 11. | cardinality | relationship count or uniqueness |
| 12. | check | constraint validating a condition |
| 13. | clustered index | index storing table order |
| 14. | column | named field in a table |
| 15. | commit | save transaction changes permanently |
| 16. | constraint | rule limiting allowed data |
| 17. | count | number of matching rows |
| 18. | cursor | pointer through query results |
| 19. | database | organized collection of data |
| 20. | deadlock | two sessions block each other |
| 21. | decimal | fixed-precision numeric type |
| 22. | default | preset value if omitted |
| 23. | delete | remove rows |
| 24. | denormalization | add redundancy for speed |
| 25. | durability | committed data survives failure |
| 26. | encryption | protect data by encoding |
| 27. | engine | core storage and query component |
| 28. | ETL | extract transform load process |
| 29. | execution plan | steps used to run query |
| 30. | export | send data out |
| 31. | failover | switch to standby system |
| 32. | foreign key | reference to another table |
| 33. | full table scan | read every row in table |
| 34. | function | routine returning a value |
| 35. | grant | give permissions to user |
| 36. | group by | group rows for aggregation |
| 37. | having | filter grouped results |
| 38. | import | bring data into database |
| 39. | index | structure that speeds lookups |
| 40. | insert | add new rows |
| 41. | instance | running database environment |
| 42. | integer | whole number data type |
| 43. | isolation | transactions do not interfere |
| 44. | join | combine rows from tables |
| 45. | JSON | structured text data format |
| 46. | latency | time delay in response |
| 47. | lock | control concurrent data access |
| 48. | log | record of database events |
| 49. | materialized view | stored query result |
| 50. | max | largest value |
| 51. | metadata | data describing other data |
| 52. | migration | move schema or data |
| 53. | min | smallest value |
| 54. | natural key | real-world meaningful identifier |
| 55. | nonclustered index | separate index structure |
| 56. | normalization | reduce redundancy in design |
| 57. | NoSQL | nonrelational database approach |
| 58. | not null | value must be present |
| 59. | null | missing or unknown value |
| 60. | OLAP | analysis-focused processing |
| 61. | OLTP | transaction-focused processing |
| 62. | optimizer | chooses query execution plan |
| 63. | order by | sort query results |
| 64. | partition | divide table into pieces |
| 65. | primary key | unique row identifier |
| 66. | privilege | specific permitted action |
| 67. | query | request for data |
| 68. | recovery | return system after failure |
| 69. | redo log | log for reapplying changes |
| 70. | referential integrity | valid foreign key relationships |
| 71. | replication | copy data between servers |
| 72. | restore | recover from a backup |
| 73. | role | named set of privileges |
| 74. | rollback | undo transaction changes |
| 75. | row | single record in a table |
| 76. | schema | database structure definition |
| 77. | select | retrieve data with SQL |
| 78. | sequence | generator of ordered numbers |
| 79. | sharding | split data across nodes |
| 80. | SQL | language for database queries |
| 81. | stored procedure | saved executable database routine |
| 82. | subquery | query inside another query |
| 83. | sum | total of numeric values |
| 84. | table | rows and columns of data |
| 85. | tablespace | logical storage container |
| 86. | throughput | work completed per time |
| 87. | timestamp | date and time value |
| 88. | transaction | unit of database work |
| 89. | trigger | automatic action on data change |
| 90. | undo log | log for reversing changes |
| 91. | Unicode | universal character standard |
| 92. | union | combine query result sets |
| 93. | unique | disallow duplicate values |
| 94. | update | modify existing data |
| 95. | UTF-8 | common Unicode encoding |
| 96. | varchar | variable-length text type |
| 97. | view | virtual table from a query |
| 98. | warehouse | database for analytics |
| 99. | where | filter query results |
| 100. | write-ahead logging | log before data writes |
