| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | analysis | close examination of evidence |
| 2. | annotation | adding notes for analysis |
| 3. | archiving | storing records for future use |
| 4. | assessment | careful judgment based on evidence |
| 5. | audit | official examination of records |
| 6. | benchmarking | comparing against standards |
| 7. | brainstorming | generating ideas for inquiry |
| 8. | calculation | working out numerical results |
| 9. | case study | detailed study of one case |
| 10. | classification | grouping by shared features |
| 11. | coding | classifying data into categories |
| 12. | comparison | examining similarities and differences |
| 13. | compilation | collecting materials into one set |
| 14. | conceptualization | forming the main research idea |
| 15. | correlation | measuring relationship between variables |
| 16. | cross-checking | verifying with another source |
| 17. | data collection | gathering information for study |
| 18. | deduction | reasoning from general principles |
| 19. | deep dive | thorough focused examination |
| 20. | detection | finding something present |
| 21. | diagnosis | identifying the nature of something |
| 22. | diagnostic review | review to identify problems |
| 23. | discovery | finding something previously unknown |
| 24. | documentation | recording information and evidence |
| 25. | elicitation | drawing out information or responses |
| 26. | enumeration | counting items one by one |
| 27. | estimation | approximate calculation or judgment |
| 28. | ethnography | study of cultures and practices |
| 29. | evaluation | judging quality or value |
| 30. | examination | careful inspection or study |
| 31. | experiment | test under controlled conditions |
| 32. | exploration | investigative search into a topic |
| 33. | fact-checking | verifying factual accuracy |
| 34. | fact-finding | search for relevant facts |
| 35. | fieldwork | research done outside the lab |
| 36. | follow-up | later check after initial study |
| 37. | forecasting | predicting future outcomes |
| 38. | formulation | developing a clear statement |
| 39. | gathering | collecting information or materials |
| 40. | groundwork | preparatory research effort |
| 41. | hypothesis-testing | checking a proposed explanation |
| 42. | identification | recognizing what something is |
| 43. | induction | reasoning from specific cases |
| 44. | inquiry | search for information or truth |
| 45. | inspection | close checking or examination |
| 46. | interpretation | explaining the meaning of results |
| 47. | interviewing | asking people structured questions |
| 48. | investigation | detailed examination to find facts |
| 49. | iteration | repeated testing and refinement |
| 50. | lab work | research done in a laboratory |
| 51. | legwork | practical effort gathering information |
| 52. | literature review | survey of published research |
| 53. | mapping | charting patterns or relationships |
| 54. | measurement | determining size, amount, or degree |
| 55. | meta-analysis | combined analysis of many studies |
| 56. | mining | extracting patterns from data |
| 57. | modeling | building a simplified representation |
| 58. | monitoring | tracking changes over time |
| 59. | observation | watching and recording findings |
| 60. | overview | general survey of a subject |
| 61. | peer review | evaluation by other experts |
| 62. | pilot study | small preliminary research study |
| 63. | polling | collecting opinions from people |
| 64. | pretesting | testing before main study |
| 65. | probe | thorough investigation into something |
| 66. | quantification | expressing in numerical terms |
| 67. | query | question raised for investigation |
| 68. | questioning | asking to gather information |
| 69. | questionnaire | set of research questions |
| 70. | randomization | assigning by chance |
| 71. | rating | judging on a scale |
| 72. | reconstruction | building back from evidence |
| 73. | recording | capturing information for later use |
| 74. | reexamination | examining again carefully |
| 75. | replication | repeating a study to confirm |
| 76. | research | systematic study to discover facts |
| 77. | review | critical examination of material |
| 78. | sampling | selecting part of a group |
| 79. | screening | checking for suitability or issues |
| 80. | scrutiny | very close critical examination |
| 81. | simulation | modeling a real process |
| 82. | statistical analysis | analyzing numerical data |
| 83. | study | careful investigation of a subject |
| 84. | survey | broad study of opinions or facts |
| 85. | synthesis | combining findings into a whole |
| 86. | tabulation | arranging data in tables |
| 87. | test run | trial before full study |
| 88. | testing | trying methods to measure results |
| 89. | theorizing | developing explanatory ideas |
| 90. | transcription | writing spoken material out |
| 91. | trend analysis | study of changing patterns |
| 92. | trial | test of a method |
| 93. | triangulation | using multiple methods or sources |
| 94. | validation | confirming soundness or accuracy |
| 95. | verification | checking truth or accuracy |
| 96. | vetting | careful checking for suitability |
| 97. | walkthrough | step-by-step examination |
| 98. | watching | observing closely over time |
| 99. | workup | thorough investigative process |
| 100. | write-up | written account of findings |
