| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | abscess | Pocket of pus from infection |
| 2. | albumin | Major protein made by liver |
| 3. | amylase | Enzyme that digests starch |
| 4. | anastomosis | Surgical joining of two ends |
| 5. | anus | Opening where stool leaves body |
| 6. | appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix |
| 7. | appendix | Small pouch off the colon |
| 8. | ascites | Fluid buildup in the abdomen |
| 9. | Barrett’s esophagus | Esophageal lining changed by acid |
| 10. | belching | Burping swallowed or stomach gas |
| 11. | bile | Digestive fluid made by liver |
| 12. | biliary colic | Pain from gallbladder blockage |
| 13. | bilirubin | Yellow pigment from red cell breakdown |
| 14. | biopsy | Tissue sample for examination |
| 15. | bloating | Feeling of abdominal fullness |
| 16. | bowel movement | Passing stool from the body |
| 17. | cancer | Disease of uncontrolled cell growth |
| 18. | cecum | First part of the large intestine |
| 19. | cholangitis | Infection of bile ducts |
| 20. | cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder |
| 21. | cholestasis | Reduced or blocked bile flow |
| 22. | cirrhosis | Severe scarring of the liver |
| 23. | colitis | Inflammation of the colon |
| 24. | colon | Main part of the large intestine |
| 25. | constipation | Difficult or infrequent bowel movements |
| 26. | crypt | Small glandular intestinal pit |
| 27. | diagnosis | Identification of a disease |
| 28. | diarrhea | Frequent loose watery stools |
| 29. | digest | Break food into absorbable parts |
| 30. | diverticulitis | Inflamed or infected diverticula |
| 31. | diverticulum | Small pouch in the gut wall |
| 32. | duodenum | First part of the small intestine |
| 33. | dyspepsia | Indigestion or upper belly discomfort |
| 34. | dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| 35. | endoscopy | Internal viewing with a scope |
| 36. | enteritis | Inflammation of the small intestine |
| 37. | enzyme | Protein that speeds digestion reactions |
| 38. | esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophagus |
| 39. | esophagus | Food pipe from throat to stomach |
| 40. | fiber | Plant material aiding bowel function |
| 41. | fibrosis | Scarring of tissue |
| 42. | fistula | Abnormal connection between structures |
| 43. | flatulence | Gas passed through the anus |
| 44. | gallbladder | Sac that stores bile |
| 45. | gallstone | Hardened deposit in gallbladder |
| 46. | gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach lining |
| 47. | gastroparesis | Slow stomach emptying |
| 48. | gastroscopy | Scope exam of the stomach |
| 49. | GERD | Chronic acid reflux disease |
| 50. | heartburn | Burning chest feeling from acid |
| 51. | hematemesis | Vomiting blood |
| 52. | hematochezia | Bright red blood in stool |
| 53. | hemorrhoid | Swollen veins near the anus |
| 54. | hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
| 55. | hepatomegaly | Enlarged liver |
| 56. | IBS | Bowel disorder causing pain and changes |
| 57. | ileum | Last part of the small intestine |
| 58. | incontinence | Loss of bowel control |
| 59. | indigestion | Upper belly discomfort after eating |
| 60. | intestine | Long digestive tube after stomach |
| 61. | ischemia | Reduced blood flow to tissue |
| 62. | jaundice | Yellowing from high bilirubin |
| 63. | jejunum | Middle part of the small intestine |
| 64. | laxative | Medicine that helps pass stool |
| 65. | lipase | Enzyme that digests fat |
| 66. | liver | Organ that processes nutrients and toxins |
| 67. | melena | Black tarry stool from bleeding |
| 68. | mesentery | Tissue supporting the intestines |
| 69. | motility | Movement of the digestive tract |
| 70. | mucosa | Inner lining of digestive tract |
| 71. | nausea | Feeling like you may vomit |
| 72. | obstruction | Blockage in a passage |
| 73. | odynophagia | Painful swallowing |
| 74. | pancreas | Gland making digestive enzymes and insulin |
| 75. | pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
| 76. | papilla | Small nipple-like tissue projection |
| 77. | perforation | Hole through an organ wall |
| 78. | peristalsis | Wave-like gut muscle movement |
| 79. | peritoneum | Membrane lining abdominal cavity |
| 80. | polyp | Small growth from a lining |
| 81. | portal hypertension | High pressure in portal vein |
| 82. | proctitis | Inflammation of the rectum lining |
| 83. | prolapse | Slipping downward out of place |
| 84. | rectum | Final section before the anus |
| 85. | reflux | Backward flow of stomach contents |
| 86. | retching | Heaving without much vomit |
| 87. | saliva | Fluid that moistens food |
| 88. | satiety | Feeling of fullness after eating |
| 89. | sigmoidoscopy | Scope exam of lower colon |
| 90. | sphincter | Ring muscle controlling an opening |
| 91. | steatosis | Fat buildup in the liver |
| 92. | stomach | Organ that digests swallowed food |
| 93. | stool | Solid waste passed from bowels |
| 94. | stricture | Abnormal narrowing of a passage |
| 95. | tenesmus | Urgent feeling of incomplete emptying |
| 96. | ulcer | Open sore in lining |
| 97. | ulcerative colitis | Inflammatory disease of the colon |
| 98. | varices | Enlarged veins prone to bleeding |
| 99. | villus | Tiny intestinal absorption projection |
| 100. | vomiting | Forceful emptying of stomach contents |
