| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | ADH | Hormone reducing water loss. |
| 2. | AKI | Sudden kidney injury. |
| 3. | albumin | Major blood protein. |
| 4. | aldosterone | Hormone controlling salt balance. |
| 5. | amyloidosis | Abnormal protein deposition disease. |
| 6. | anemia | Low red blood cell level. |
| 7. | anuria | No urine output. |
| 8. | azotemia | High nitrogen wastes in blood. |
| 9. | bicarbonate | Buffer helping control acidity. |
| 10. | biopsy | Small tissue sample for testing. |
| 11. | bone mineral disease | Bone disorder from kidney disease. |
| 12. | BUN | Blood urea nitrogen measurement. |
| 13. | calcium | Mineral for bones and signaling. |
| 14. | catheter | Tube placed for drainage or access. |
| 15. | CKD | Long-term kidney disease. |
| 16. | clearance | Rate of substance removal. |
| 17. | contrast | Imaging dye improving visibility. |
| 18. | cortex | Outer region of the kidney. |
| 19. | creatinine | Waste marker of kidney function. |
| 20. | cyst | Fluid-filled sac. |
| 21. | diabetes | High blood sugar disease. |
| 22. | diabetic nephropathy | Kidney damage from diabetes. |
| 23. | dialysis | Machine-based blood cleaning treatment. |
| 24. | diuretic | Drug increasing urine production. |
| 25. | dry weight | Target weight after dialysis. |
| 26. | edema | Swelling from fluid buildup. |
| 27. | effluent | Used dialysis fluid drained out. |
| 28. | eGFR | Estimated kidney filtering rate. |
| 29. | electrolyte | Mineral carrying electric charge. |
| 30. | erythropoietin | Hormone stimulating red blood cells. |
| 31. | euvolemia | Normal body fluid volume. |
| 32. | filtration | Initial blood-cleansing process. |
| 33. | fistula | Surgical dialysis access connection. |
| 34. | FSGS | Scarring disease of glomeruli. |
| 35. | glomerulonephritis | Inflammation of kidney filters. |
| 36. | glomerulus | Capillary tuft filtering blood. |
| 37. | graft | Artificial dialysis access vessel. |
| 38. | hematuria | Blood present in urine. |
| 39. | hemodialysis | Dialysis using blood circulation machine. |
| 40. | hydronephrosis | Kidney swelling from urine backup. |
| 41. | hyperkalemia | High blood potassium. |
| 42. | hypernatremia | High blood sodium. |
| 43. | hypertension | High blood pressure. |
| 44. | hypokalemia | Low blood potassium. |
| 45. | hyponatremia | Low blood sodium. |
| 46. | IgA nephropathy | Immune kidney disease with IgA. |
| 47. | immunosuppression | Reduced immune system activity. |
| 48. | interstitial nephritis | Inflammation between kidney tubules. |
| 49. | kidney | Organ that filters blood. |
| 50. | Kt/V | Measure of dialysis adequacy. |
| 51. | malnutrition | Poor nutritional status. |
| 52. | medulla | Inner region of the kidney. |
| 53. | membranous nephropathy | Immune-mediated glomerular disease. |
| 54. | metabolic acidosis | Acid buildup from metabolism. |
| 55. | microalbuminuria | Small amount of urine albumin. |
| 56. | monitoring | Regular checking over time. |
| 57. | nephritic | Inflammatory kidney syndrome. |
| 58. | nephrolithiasis | Kidney stone disease. |
| 59. | nephron | Functional unit of the kidney. |
| 60. | nephrotic | Heavy-protein-loss kidney syndrome. |
| 61. | nocturia | Nighttime urination. |
| 62. | NSAID | Pain reliever that can harm kidneys. |
| 63. | obstruction | Blockage of urine flow. |
| 64. | oliguria | Low urine output. |
| 65. | osmolality | Concentration of dissolved particles. |
| 66. | pelvis | Funnel collecting urine in kidney. |
| 67. | peritoneal dialysis | Dialysis using abdominal lining. |
| 68. | pH | Measure of acidity. |
| 69. | phosphate | Mineral regulated by kidneys. |
| 70. | polycystic kidney disease | Inherited cyst-forming kidney disorder. |
| 71. | potassium | Essential mineral affecting heart rhythm. |
| 72. | proteinuria | Protein present in urine. |
| 73. | pyelonephritis | Kidney infection. |
| 74. | RBC cast | Urine cast containing red cells. |
| 75. | reabsorption | Return of substances to blood. |
| 76. | rejection | Immune attack on transplant. |
| 77. | renin | Hormone affecting blood pressure. |
| 78. | screening | Testing before symptoms appear. |
| 79. | secondary hyperparathyroidism | High PTH from chronic kidney disease. |
| 80. | secretion | Transfer of substances into tubule. |
| 81. | sediment | Microscopic particles in urine. |
| 82. | sodium | Key body salt. |
| 83. | specific gravity | Urine concentration measure. |
| 84. | sterile pyuria | White cells without bacterial growth. |
| 85. | stone | Hard mineral deposit. |
| 86. | tacrolimus | Common anti-rejection medicine. |
| 87. | transplant | Replacement organ surgery. |
| 88. | tubule | Kidney passage for filtrate processing. |
| 89. | ultrasound | Imaging using sound waves. |
| 90. | urea | Nitrogen waste in blood. |
| 91. | uremia | Waste buildup from kidney failure. |
| 92. | ureter | Tube carrying urine to bladder. |
| 93. | urethra | Tube carrying urine out. |
| 94. | urinalysis | Laboratory urine examination. |
| 95. | urine | Liquid waste excreted by kidneys. |
| 96. | UTI | Urinary tract infection. |
| 97. | vasculitis | Blood vessel inflammation. |
| 98. | vitamin D | Hormone-like vitamin for calcium balance. |
| 99. | volume overload | Too much body fluid. |
| 100. | WBC cast | Urine cast containing white cells. |