| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | ACE | Single permission entry in ACL |
| 2. | ACL | List of permissions entries |
| 3. | Active Directory | Windows directory service for domains |
| 4. | audit | Recorded security-related activity |
| 5. | authentication | Verifying identity |
| 6. | authorization | Granting access after verification |
| 7. | backup | Copy kept for recovery |
| 8. | baseline | Standard approved configuration state |
| 9. | BCD | Boot Configuration Data store |
| 10. | BIOS | Legacy system startup firmware |
| 11. | BitLocker | Windows full-disk encryption |
| 12. | bootloader | Program that starts operating system |
| 13. | CA | Certificate Authority issuer |
| 14. | certificate | Digital identity document |
| 15. | change | Controlled modification to environment |
| 16. | chkdsk | Checks disk for errors |
| 17. | cluster | Servers working together for availability |
| 18. | credential | Information proving identity |
| 19. | dcdiag | Tests domain controller health |
| 20. | Defender | Microsoft security protection suite |
| 21. | DHCP | Automatically assigns IP settings |
| 22. | disaster recovery | Plan for major outage recovery |
| 23. | diskpart | Disk partition management utility |
| 24. | DISM | Services Windows images and repairs |
| 25. | DNS | Translates names to IP addresses |
| 26. | domain | Administrative network security boundary |
| 27. | elevation | Running with higher privileges |
| 28. | endpoint | Managed user device or system |
| 29. | Event Viewer | Tool for viewing system logs |
| 30. | failover | Automatic switch to backup |
| 31. | firewall | Filters network traffic by rules |
| 32. | firmware | Low-level device control software |
| 33. | forest | Top-level Active Directory structure |
| 34. | FQDN | Complete domain name of host |
| 35. | FSMO | Special Active Directory roles |
| 36. | gateway | Network path to other networks |
| 37. | gMSA | Managed service account type |
| 38. | GPO | Group Policy Object settings container |
| 39. | gpresult | Reports applied Group Policy |
| 40. | gpupdate | Refreshes Group Policy settings |
| 41. | Group Policy | Centralized configuration and security management |
| 42. | hardening | Reducing attack surface |
| 43. | hostname | Network name of a device |
| 44. | hotfix | Targeted fix for specific issue |
| 45. | Hyper-V | Microsoft virtualization platform |
| 46. | incident | Unplanned service disruption event |
| 47. | inheritance | Permissions passed from parent |
| 48. | Intune | Cloud device management service |
| 49. | IP address | Numeric network device identifier |
| 50. | ipconfig | Shows IP configuration details |
| 51. | Kerberos | Ticket-based authentication protocol |
| 52. | LDAP | Directory access protocol |
| 53. | log | Recorded system or application events |
| 54. | logon | Signing into a system |
| 55. | MMC | Framework for admin snap-ins |
| 56. | netstat | Displays network connections and ports |
| 57. | nslookup | Queries DNS records |
| 58. | NTFS | Default Windows file system |
| 59. | OU | Active Directory organizational container |
| 60. | ownership | Control tied to object owner |
| 61. | patch | Software update fixing issues |
| 62. | Performance Monitor | Tracks system performance counters |
| 63. | permission | Allowed or denied access |
| 64. | ping | Basic network reachability test |
| 65. | PKI | Certificate issuance trust system |
| 66. | port | Number identifying network service |
| 67. | PowerShell | Windows command shell and scripting |
| 68. | proxy | Intermediary for network requests |
| 69. | quorum | Votes needed for cluster decisions |
| 70. | RDP | Remote desktop access protocol |
| 71. | reboot | Restarting the computer |
| 72. | recovery | Returning system to operation |
| 73. | registry | Windows hierarchical settings database |
| 74. | replication | Copying directory changes between servers |
| 75. | restore | Recovering data from backup |
| 76. | RODC | Read-only domain controller |
| 77. | rollback | Reverting a recent change |
| 78. | schema | Directory object and attribute definitions |
| 79. | Server Manager | Windows server administration console |
| 80. | service account | Account used by services |
| 81. | Services | Background processes managed by Windows |
| 82. | SID | Unique Windows security identifier |
| 83. | SMB | Windows file sharing protocol |
| 84. | snap-in | Module added to MMC console |
| 85. | SYSVOL | Domain-wide policy replication folder |
| 86. | Task Scheduler | Runs tasks automatically on schedule |
| 87. | thread | Smallest schedulable execution unit |
| 88. | ticket | Recorded support request |
| 89. | token | Security context for a logon |
| 90. | tracert | Shows route to destination |
| 91. | trust | Relationship allowing cross-domain access |
| 92. | UAC | Prompts for elevated privileges |
| 93. | UEFI | Modern system startup firmware |
| 94. | UNC path | Network path using backslashes |
| 95. | update | Released software improvement package |
| 96. | virtual machine | Software-based emulated computer |
| 97. | volume | Formatted storage unit |
| 98. | VPN | Encrypted remote network connection |
| 99. | whoami | Displays current user identity |
| 100. | WSUS | Windows update management server |