Alcohol ultimately comes from Arabic. The earlier form is al kuhl or al kohol. In Arabic, al means the, and kuhl referred to a very fine powder, especially the powder used as eyeliner.
When the word moved through medieval Latin and into European languages, its meaning shifted. It was used for something refined, distilled, or reduced to a very pure essence. That broader idea helps explain how the word later became linked to chemistry and then to the intoxicating part of wine and spirits.
So the history is a chain of meaning changes:
- Arabic: a fine powder, especially cosmetic kohl
- Later use: a purified or distilled substance
- Modern common use: the alcohol found in drinks
This kind of change is common in word history. A word can begin with one specific meaning, then widen, narrow, or specialize over time. Alcohol is a good example because its modern meaning seems far from eyeliner powder, but the connecting idea is refinement into a very fine or pure form.