| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | A central issue is | Introduces a main concern |
| 2. | A clear example is | Introduces a strong example |
| 3. | According to | Introduces a source |
| 4. | Accordingly, | Shows result formally |
| 5. | Although this is true, | Concedes before contrasting |
| 6. | Another consideration is | Introduces an added factor |
| 7. | As a result, | Shows consequence |
| 8. | As argued by | Attributes an argument |
| 9. | As described by | Attributes a description |
| 10. | As explained by | Attributes an explanation |
| 11. | As noted by | Attributes an observation |
| 12. | As observed by | Attributes an observation formally |
| 13. | As reported by | Attributes reported information |
| 14. | As shown by | Points to evidence or example |
| 15. | As suggested by | Attributes a suggestion |
| 16. | By comparison, | Introduces a comparison |
| 17. | Consequently, | Shows a resulting outcome |
| 18. | Current evidence indicates | Introduces up-to-date evidence |
| 19. | Data indicate that | Introduces data-based finding |
| 20. | Despite this, | Signals contrast despite evidence |
| 21. | Evidence suggests that | Introduces probable evidence |
| 22. | First, | Introduces the initial point |
| 23. | For example, | Introduces an example |
| 24. | For instance, | Introduces a specific example |
| 25. | For this reason, | Explains the cause of result |
| 26. | From this perspective, | Introduces a viewpoint |
| 27. | Furthermore, | Adds further support formally |
| 28. | Given this, | Introduces reasoning from evidence |
| 29. | Hence, | Introduces a logical consequence |
| 30. | However, | Introduces contrast or exception |
| 31. | In addition, | Adds supporting information |
| 32. | In conclusion, | Introduces the conclusion |
| 33. | In contrast, | Introduces an opposing point |
| 34. | In essence, | States the core meaning |
| 35. | In other words, | Restates a point simply |
| 36. | In particular, | Highlights a specific case |
| 37. | In summary, | Introduces a summary |
| 38. | It follows that | States logical consequence |
| 39. | It has been found that | Introduces established finding |
| 40. | It is also important to note | Highlights added significance |
| 41. | More precisely, | Refines a statement |
| 42. | More specifically, | Adds exact detail |
| 43. | Moreover, | Adds stronger supporting information |
| 44. | Namely, | Introduces exact clarification |
| 45. | Nevertheless, | Shows contrast despite previous point |
| 46. | Notably, | Highlights an important point |
| 47. | On the other hand, | Introduces an alternative view |
| 48. | One implication is | Introduces a consequence or meaning |
| 49. | One important point is | Introduces a key idea |
| 50. | One interpretation is | Introduces a possible reading |
| 51. | Overall, | Introduces a broad summary |
| 52. | Previous research has shown | Cites earlier findings |
| 53. | Regarding | Introduces the subject |
| 54. | Research shows that | Introduces research-based evidence |
| 55. | Similarly, | Shows similarity with prior point |
| 56. | Specifically, | Narrows to exact detail |
| 57. | Studies indicate that | Introduces findings from studies |
| 58. | Taken together, | Combines several points |
| 59. | That is to say, | Clarifies a previous statement |
| 60. | The aim of this study is | States the study objective |
| 61. | The findings suggest that | Introduces a results-based claim |
| 62. | The literature suggests that | Summarizes prior scholarship |
| 63. | The purpose of this paper is | Explains the paper’s aim |
| 64. | The results show that | Introduces a finding |
| 65. | Therefore, | Introduces a logical result |
| 66. | This article analyzes | Signals an analytical discussion |
| 67. | This can be seen in | Points to visible evidence |
| 68. | This essay argues that | Introduces the central claim |
| 69. | This is evident in | Points to clear evidence |
| 70. | This paper addresses | Introduces the issue examined |
| 71. | This paper discusses | Introduces the discussion topic |
| 72. | This paper evaluates | Introduces an assessment |
| 73. | This paper examines | Introduces the paper’s focus |
| 74. | This paper investigates | Introduces a research question |
| 75. | This paper reviews | Introduces a literature or topic review |
| 76. | This report presents | Introduces presented findings or information |
| 77. | This research explores | Introduces the research topic |
| 78. | This study examines | Introduces close analysis |
| 79. | This study focuses on | Narrows the topic scope |
| 80. | This study investigates | States the study’s main inquiry |
| 81. | Thus, | Signals a conclusion or result |
| 82. | To clarify, | Introduces clarification |
| 83. | To illustrate, | Introduces an illustration |
| 84. | To summarize, | Signals a concluding summary |
| 85. | Ultimately, | in the end |
| 86. | Unlike previous studies, | different from earlier research |
| 87. | Upon closer examination, | after deeper analysis |
| 88. | Using this approach, | by this method |
| 89. | Viewed against this background, | seen in this context |
| 90. | What follows is | the next part presents |
| 91. | What remains unclear is | an unresolved point is |
| 92. | When considering this issue, | while examining this topic |
| 93. | Whereas earlier work | in contrast to prior work |
| 94. | While the evidence is limited, | despite limited support |
| 95. | While this may be true, | despite possible validity |
| 96. | With regard to | Introduces a topic formally |
| 97. | With respect to | concerning |
| 98. | With this evidence, | based on these findings |
| 99. | Within this framework, | Places idea in structure |
| 100. | Yet, | even so |