| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | accrual | recording before cash changes hands |
| 2. | actuals | real recorded financial results |
| 3. | aging | time classification of balances |
| 4. | allocation | assignment of funds to uses |
| 5. | allowance | set amount for expected losses |
| 6. | amortization | gradual write-off over time |
| 7. | asset | resource with economic value |
| 8. | assumption | estimate used in planning |
| 9. | backlog | work or orders pending |
| 10. | baseline | starting point for comparison |
| 11. | benefits | nonwage employee compensation |
| 12. | bonus | extra pay beyond base compensation |
| 13. | bookings | orders received and recorded |
| 14. | break-even | point of no profit loss |
| 15. | budget | financial plan for income and spending |
| 16. | burn rate | speed cash is being spent |
| 17. | capacity | maximum output possible |
| 18. | capital | money used to fund operations |
| 19. | cash flow | movement of cash in and out |
| 20. | collections | cash received from customers |
| 21. | commission | pay based on sales |
| 22. | contingency | allowance for unexpected costs |
| 23. | contract | binding agreement between parties |
| 24. | cost | amount spent to obtain something |
| 25. | dashboard | visual summary of key metrics |
| 26. | debt | money owed to others |
| 27. | deficit | shortfall between income and spending |
| 28. | depreciation | asset value reduction over time |
| 29. | driver | factor causing financial change |
| 30. | due date | date payment is required |
| 31. | efficiency | output achieved with resources |
| 32. | entry | recorded accounting transaction |
| 33. | equity | ownership value after liabilities |
| 34. | estimate | approximate financial calculation |
| 35. | expense | cost incurred by operations |
| 36. | exposure | amount subject to risk |
| 37. | fiscal year | company’s accounting year |
| 38. | fixed cost | cost unchanged by activity |
| 39. | floor | minimum allowed level |
| 40. | forecast | prediction of future financial results |
| 41. | freeze | temporary halt on spending |
| 42. | headcount | number of employees |
| 43. | interest | cost of borrowing money |
| 44. | inventory | goods held for sale |
| 45. | investment | money committed for return |
| 46. | invoice | bill requesting payment |
| 47. | journal | record of accounting entries |
| 48. | justify | show reason for spending |
| 49. | KPI | key performance indicator |
| 50. | lag | delay behind expected timing |
| 51. | lead time | time before delivery or result |
| 52. | lease | agreement to rent property |
| 53. | ledger | book of financial accounts |
| 54. | liability | financial obligation owed |
| 55. | liquidity | ability to meet near-term obligations |
| 56. | loan | borrowed money to repay |
| 57. | margin | difference between revenue and cost |
| 58. | metric | measure used to track performance |
| 59. | mix | proportion of different components |
| 60. | model | represent finances with assumptions |
| 61. | month-end | period-end monthly close time |
| 62. | overhead | ongoing indirect business costs |
| 63. | overrun | spending above planned amount |
| 64. | payables | money owed to suppliers |
| 65. | payroll | total employee compensation costs |
| 66. | pipeline | expected future business opportunities |
| 67. | price | amount charged to customers |
| 68. | principal | original amount borrowed or invested |
| 69. | procurement | process of acquiring goods |
| 70. | productivity | amount produced per input |
| 71. | projection | forward-looking financial estimate |
| 72. | quarter | three-month reporting period |
| 73. | receivables | money owed by customers |
| 74. | reconciliation | matching records to confirm accuracy |
| 75. | rent | payment for temporary use |
| 76. | report | organized presentation of results |
| 77. | reserve | funds set aside for needs |
| 78. | return | gain from an investment |
| 79. | revenue | money earned from operations |
| 80. | run rate | current pace projected forward |
| 81. | salary | fixed regular employee pay |
| 82. | savings | money kept from being spent |
| 83. | scenario | possible future planning case |
| 84. | seasonality | regular pattern by season |
| 85. | sensitivity | effect of changing assumptions |
| 86. | shortfall | amount below what is needed |
| 87. | surplus | amount above what is needed |
| 88. | target | desired financial goal |
| 89. | threshold | level triggering action or review |
| 90. | timing | when financial events occur |
| 91. | track | monitor progress or spending |
| 92. | trend | general direction over time |
| 93. | unit cost | cost per individual item |
| 94. | utilization | extent resources are used |
| 95. | variable cost | cost changing with activity |
| 96. | variance | difference between planned and actual |
| 97. | vendor | supplier of goods or services |
| 98. | volume | quantity of units sold |
| 99. | wages | pay based on hours worked |
| 100. | write-off | removal of uncollectible value |
