| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | ablation | destruction of tissue |
| 2. | advanced | late-stage or widespread |
| 3. | aggressive | fast-growing or hard to treat |
| 4. | ALK | gene involved in some cancers |
| 5. | anemia | low red blood cell level |
| 6. | antibody | immune protein binding a target |
| 7. | benign | not cancerous |
| 8. | biomarker | measurable sign of disease |
| 9. | biopsy | sample of tissue for testing |
| 10. | bleeding | loss of blood |
| 11. | BRAF | gene altered in some tumors |
| 12. | BRCA | gene linked to cancer risk |
| 13. | cachexia | severe weight and muscle loss |
| 14. | cancer | disease of uncontrolled cell growth |
| 15. | carcinoma | cancer from epithelial cells |
| 16. | catheter | thin tube placed in body |
| 17. | chemotherapy | drug treatment for cancer |
| 18. | colonoscopy | scope exam of the colon |
| 19. | constipation | difficulty passing stool |
| 20. | cough | sudden expulsion of air |
| 21. | CT scan | cross-sectional imaging scan |
| 22. | diagnosis | identification of a disease |
| 23. | diarrhea | frequent loose bowel movements |
| 24. | dose | amount of medicine given |
| 25. | EGFR | gene or protein target |
| 26. | fatigue | extreme tiredness |
| 27. | fever | raised body temperature |
| 28. | gene | unit of hereditary information |
| 29. | grading | rating how abnormal cells look |
| 30. | hemoglobin | oxygen-carrying blood protein |
| 31. | HER2 | protein involved in some cancers |
| 32. | hereditary | passed down through genes |
| 33. | hormone therapy | treatment blocking hormone effects |
| 34. | hospice | care for the dying |
| 35. | immunotherapy | treatment boosting immune attack |
| 36. | indolent | slow-growing and less active |
| 37. | infusion | slow delivery into a vein |
| 38. | intravenous | given into a vein |
| 39. | invasive | spreading into nearby tissue |
| 40. | jaundice | yellowing of skin and eyes |
| 41. | KRAS | gene often mutated in cancer |
| 42. | lesion | area of abnormal tissue |
| 43. | leukemia | cancer of blood-forming tissues |
| 44. | localized | limited to one area |
| 45. | lymph node | small immune system gland |
| 46. | lymphoma | cancer of the lymphatic system |
| 47. | malignant | cancerous and able to spread |
| 48. | mammogram | breast X-ray for screening |
| 49. | mass | lump or growth |
| 50. | melanoma | serious skin cancer from melanocytes |
| 51. | metastasis | spread of cancer to distant sites |
| 52. | MRI | scan using magnetic fields |
| 53. | nausea | feeling of wanting to vomit |
| 54. | needle biopsy | biopsy using a needle |
| 55. | neoadjuvant | given before main treatment |
| 56. | neuropathy | nerve damage causing numbness |
| 57. | neutropenia | low neutrophil count |
| 58. | nodule | small lump or mass |
| 59. | oncologist | doctor specializing in cancer |
| 60. | oncology | medical study of cancer |
| 61. | pain | physical suffering or discomfort |
| 62. | pathologist | doctor who examines tissues |
| 63. | pathology | study of disease in tissue |
| 64. | PET scan | scan showing metabolic activity |
| 65. | platelets | blood cells aiding clotting |
| 66. | polyp | small growth on a lining |
| 67. | port | implanted device for vein access |
| 68. | prognosis | likely course of disease |
| 69. | radiologist | doctor who interprets imaging |
| 70. | recurrence | return of cancer after treatment |
| 71. | regimen | planned course of treatment |
| 72. | remission | decrease or disappearance of cancer |
| 73. | resection | surgical removal of tissue |
| 74. | response | how cancer reacts to treatment |
| 75. | sarcoma | cancer from connective tissue |
| 76. | screening | testing before symptoms appear |
| 77. | shortness of breath | difficulty breathing |
| 78. | stable disease | cancer neither grows nor shrinks |
| 79. | staging | determining cancer extent |
| 80. | swelling | enlargement from fluid or inflammation |
| 81. | targeted therapy | treatment aimed at specific targets |
| 82. | terminal | expected to lead to death |
| 83. | transplant | transfer of cells or tissue |
| 84. | trial | study testing a treatment |
| 85. | tumor | abnormal mass of tissue |
| 86. | ultrasound | imaging using sound waves |
| 87. | unresectable | not removable by surgery |
| 88. | upstaging | assigning a more advanced stage |
| 89. | vaccination | administration of a protective vaccine |
| 90. | vaccine | substance that stimulates immunity |
| 91. | vomiting | throwing up stomach contents |
| 92. | watchful waiting | monitoring without immediate treatment |
| 93. | wedge resection | removal of a small tissue wedge |
| 94. | weight loss | decrease in body weight |
| 95. | well-differentiated | closely resembling normal cells |
| 96. | xenograft | tissue graft from another species |
| 97. | xerostomia | dry mouth from reduced saliva |
| 98. | Y-90 | radioactive yttrium used in treatment |
| 99. | yield | amount of useful diagnostic information |
| 100. | young-onset | occurring at a younger age |