Complete the 12 sentences below. Choose the best answer for each one.
1Several longitudinal studies on academic feedback ............... that timely comments improve revision quality.
Wrong!
"demonstrates" is appropriate because the sentence refers to converging findings across several studies, which supports a strong evidence-based reporting verb.
2A substantial body of research has examined peer assessment; ..............., most studies rely on small, discipline-specific samples.
Wrong!
"However" is correct because the second clause contrasts with the first by showing that an apparently large body of research still has a limitation.
3............... the framework is useful for categorising learner strategies, it pays little attention to institutional constraints.
Wrong!
"Although" is correct because the sentence concedes the value of the framework before identifying a limitation.
4............... Smith and Rao’s earlier work, the present review confirms their finding that automated feedback is most effective when combined with teacher mediation.
Wrong!
"In line with" is correct because the sentence says the present review confirms, rather than opposes, the earlier findings.
5Despite growing interest in multilingual classrooms, there remains a ............... of studies on assessment practices in rural schools.
Wrong!
"paucity" is correct because literature reviews commonly identify a lack of research on a topic, and the sentence calls for further investigation.
6The review identifies ............... evidence that mentoring schemes improve doctoral completion rates, suggesting that universities should invest in structured support.
Wrong!
"compelling" is correct because a policy recommendation in the next clause requires evidence strong enough to support it.
7By foregrounding informal learning, Tan’s study ............... earlier models that treat training as a primarily classroom-based process.
Wrong!
"calls into question" is correct because the following clause states that the assumptions of earlier models may no longer be valid.
8This pattern ............... indicate a delayed effect of feedback, but the mechanism has not yet been tested directly.
Wrong!
"may" is correct because the sentence explicitly says the mechanism has not yet been tested, so the claim must be hedged.
9Rather than summarising each article separately, the review ............... several studies into broader categories of intervention design.
Wrong!
"groups" is correct because categorising studies into broader categories is a synthesising move in a literature review.
10Findings from intervention studies are more consistent ............... those from self-report surveys.
Wrong!
"than" is correct because the comparative adjective "more consistent" requires "than" before the second term of comparison.
11Given that the studies reviewed were conducted mainly in universities, the conclusion should be restricted to feedback practices ...............
Wrong!
"in higher education contexts" is correct because the sentence warns against generalising beyond the studies reviewed.
12The theoretical section draws ............... qualitative research on identity formation to explain why students respond differently to feedback.
Wrong!
"on" is correct because the standard expression is "draw on" a body of literature, meaning use it as a source.
Answers
- Several longitudinal studies on academic feedback demonstrates that timely comments improve revision quality.
- A substantial body of research has examined peer assessment; However, most studies rely on small, discipline-specific samples.
- Although the framework is useful for categorising learner strategies, it pays little attention to institutional constraints.
- In line with Smith and Rao’s earlier work, the present review confirms their finding that automated feedback is most effective when combined with teacher mediation.
- Despite growing interest in multilingual classrooms, there remains a paucity of studies on assessment practices in rural schools.
- The review identifies compelling evidence that mentoring schemes improve doctoral completion rates, suggesting that universities should invest in structured support.
- By foregrounding informal learning, Tan’s study calls into question earlier models that treat training as a primarily classroom-based process.
- This pattern may indicate a delayed effect of feedback, but the mechanism has not yet been tested directly.
- Rather than summarising each article separately, the review groups several studies into broader categories of intervention design.
- Findings from intervention studies are more consistent than those from self-report surveys.
- Given that the studies reviewed were conducted mainly in universities, the conclusion should be restricted to feedback practices in higher education contexts.
- The theoretical section draws on qualitative research on identity formation to explain why students respond differently to feedback.
