| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | accelerometer | sensor measuring acceleration |
| 2. | accuracy | closeness to true value |
| 3. | actuator | device that produces movement |
| 4. | algorithm | step-by-step problem-solving method |
| 5. | automation | technology for automatic operation |
| 6. | autonomy | ability to operate independently |
| 7. | backlash | lost motion from mechanical play |
| 8. | bearing | part supporting rotating motion |
| 9. | calibration | adjustment for accurate measurements |
| 10. | camera | device capturing visual images |
| 11. | classification | assigning items to categories |
| 12. | cobot | collaborative industrial robot |
| 13. | compliance | ability to yield under force |
| 14. | computer vision | image-based machine perception |
| 15. | controller | system regulating robot behavior |
| 16. | coordinate frame | reference axes for position |
| 17. | depth camera | camera measuring scene depth |
| 18. | detection | finding objects or events |
| 19. | dexterity | skillful range of movement |
| 20. | diagnostics | methods for finding problems |
| 21. | DOF | degrees of freedom |
| 22. | dynamics | study of forces and motion |
| 23. | encoder | sensor measuring position or speed |
| 24. | end effector | tool at robot arm tip |
| 25. | estimation | calculating approximate values |
| 26. | EtherCAT | high-speed industrial Ethernet protocol |
| 27. | feedback | returned information for control |
| 28. | filtering | reducing noise in data |
| 29. | firmware | low-level device software |
| 30. | force sensor | sensor measuring applied force |
| 31. | forward kinematics | computing pose from joints |
| 32. | friction | resistance between contacting surfaces |
| 33. | fusion | combining multiple sensor sources |
| 34. | gain | control response multiplier |
| 35. | gearbox | gears transmitting power |
| 36. | grasping | seizing an object securely |
| 37. | gripper | device for grasping objects |
| 38. | gyroscope | sensor measuring rotation |
| 39. | IMU | sensor for motion and orientation |
| 40. | inspection | checking for quality or defects |
| 41. | integration | combining parts into one system |
| 42. | interface | shared boundary between systems |
| 43. | interoperability | ability to work together |
| 44. | inverse kinematics | computing joints from target pose |
| 45. | Jacobian | matrix relating motion rates |
| 46. | joint | connection allowing relative motion |
| 47. | Kalman filter | recursive state estimation method |
| 48. | kinematics | study of motion geometry |
| 49. | latency | delay before response |
| 50. | lidar | laser-based distance sensing |
| 51. | localization | determining current position |
| 52. | locomotion | movement from place to place |
| 53. | mapping | building an environmental model |
| 54. | microcontroller | small integrated control computer |
| 55. | middleware | software connecting system components |
| 56. | mobility | ability to move around |
| 57. | modeling | creating mathematical representations |
| 58. | motor | machine converting energy to motion |
| 59. | navigation | finding and following routes |
| 60. | neural network | layered learning model |
| 61. | noise | unwanted disturbance in data |
| 62. | obstacle avoidance | preventing collisions with objects |
| 63. | odometry | position estimated from motion |
| 64. | optimization | improving performance under constraints |
| 65. | orientation | rotational alignment in space |
| 66. | overshoot | exceeding the target temporarily |
| 67. | path planning | computing a feasible route |
| 68. | payload | weight a robot can carry |
| 69. | perception | interpreting sensor information |
| 70. | PID | proportional integral derivative control |
| 71. | pose | position and orientation together |
| 72. | precision | closeness of repeated results |
| 73. | proximity sensor | sensor detecting nearby objects |
| 74. | quaternion | rotation representation with four numbers |
| 75. | radar | radio-based object detection |
| 76. | reach | maximum extension distance |
| 77. | real-time | operating within strict timing |
| 78. | recognition | identifying known objects or patterns |
| 79. | repeatability | consistency across repeated motions |
| 80. | robot | programmable machine performing tasks |
| 81. | segmentation | dividing image into regions |
| 82. | sensor | device that detects conditions |
| 83. | servo | motor with feedback control |
| 84. | setpoint | desired target value |
| 85. | SLAM | simultaneous localization and mapping |
| 86. | sonar | sound-based distance sensing |
| 87. | state | current system condition |
| 88. | stiffness | resistance to deformation |
| 89. | teleoperation | remote control of a robot |
| 90. | tolerance | allowed amount of variation |
| 91. | torque | rotational force |
| 92. | tracking | following target movement over time |
| 93. | trajectory | planned path over time |
| 94. | transform | mathematical change of coordinates |
| 95. | velocity | Speed with direction |
| 96. | voltage | Electrical potential difference |
| 97. | waypoint | intermediate navigation target |
| 98. | workspace | reachable operating area |
| 99. | wrist | Robot joint near end effector |
| 100. | yaw | Rotation around vertical axis |
