| No. | Item | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | adaptable | able to adjust easily |
| 2. | agrarian | based on farming life |
| 3. | artistic | strongly connected to the arts |
| 4. | ascetic | practicing self-denial and simplicity |
| 5. | assertive | expressing views confidently |
| 6. | austere | plain, strict, and restrained |
| 7. | authoritarian | favoring strong centralized control |
| 8. | closed | resistant to outside influence |
| 9. | collectivist | valuing the group over individuals |
| 10. | communal | emphasizing shared life and resources |
| 11. | community-minded | concerned with local well-being |
| 12. | competitive | driven by rivalry and achievement |
| 13. | conservative | preferring established ways |
| 14. | cooperative | favoring teamwork and mutual help |
| 15. | cosmopolitan | worldly and internationally minded |
| 16. | creative | rich in imagination and invention |
| 17. | democratic | supporting shared participation and voice |
| 18. | diasporic | shaped by dispersed communities |
| 19. | direct | communicating plainly and openly |
| 20. | disciplined | showing strong self-control |
| 21. | diverse | showing many different elements |
| 22. | duty-bound | guided by obligation and duty |
| 23. | egalitarian | favoring equal status and rights |
| 24. | elder-centered | giving elders special importance |
| 25. | entrepreneurial | encouraging initiative and enterprise |
| 26. | expressive | showing feelings openly |
| 27. | face-saving | concerned with preserving dignity |
| 28. | family-oriented | centered on family life |
| 29. | fast-paced | moving quickly and busily |
| 30. | festive | marked by celebration and joy |
| 31. | formal | following strict social conventions |
| 32. | frugal | careful and sparing with resources |
| 33. | gendered | strongly shaped by gender roles |
| 34. | globalized | shaped by worldwide connections |
| 35. | hardworking | putting much effort into work |
| 36. | hedonistic | focused on pleasure and enjoyment |
| 37. | heterogeneous | made of varied backgrounds |
| 38. | hierarchical | organized by ranked authority |
| 39. | high-context | relying on shared understanding |
| 40. | homogeneous | mostly uniform in background |
| 41. | honor-based | guided by reputation and honor |
| 42. | hospitable | warm and generous to guests |
| 43. | idealistic | guided by high principles |
| 44. | inclusive | welcoming different people and views |
| 45. | indirect | communicating in subtle ways |
| 46. | individualistic | valuing personal independence highly |
| 47. | industrial | shaped by manufacturing and industry |
| 48. | informal | relaxed and less ceremonial |
| 49. | innovative | favoring new ideas and methods |
| 50. | intellectual | valuing ideas and learning |
| 51. | kinship-based | organized around family ties |
| 52. | leisurely | moving at an unhurried pace |
| 53. | localized | strongly shaped by local context |
| 54. | low-context | favoring explicit communication |
| 55. | mainstream | widely accepted and conventional |
| 56. | materialistic | valuing possessions and wealth |
| 57. | matriarchal | centered on female authority |
| 58. | meritocratic | rewarding ability and achievement |
| 59. | modern | characterized by current ideas |
| 60. | multicultural | including many cultural traditions |
| 61. | mystical | concerned with spiritual mystery |
| 62. | nationalistic | strongly devoted to the nation |
| 63. | nature-oriented | closely connected to nature |
| 64. | nomadic | moving rather than settling permanently |
| 65. | open | receptive to new ideas |
| 66. | oral | transmitted mainly by speech |
| 67. | patriarchal | dominated by male authority |
| 68. | permissive | allowing broad personal freedom |
| 69. | pluralistic | supporting many beliefs and groups |
| 70. | polite | showing good manners and respect |
| 71. | postindustrial | centered on services and information |
| 72. | pragmatic | focused on practical results |
| 73. | progressive | favoring social change and reform |
| 74. | punctual | valuing timeliness strongly |
| 75. | rational | based on reason and logic |
| 76. | religious | strongly shaped by faith |
| 77. | reserved | emotionally restrained in public |
| 78. | resilient | recovering well from hardship |
| 79. | ritualistic | centered on repeated ceremonies |
| 80. | rural | shaped by countryside life |
| 81. | secular | not centered on religion |
| 82. | sedentary | settled in one place |
| 83. | service-oriented | focused on helping others |
| 84. | somber | serious and subdued in tone |
| 85. | spiritual | strongly concerned with spirit |
| 86. | status-conscious | highly aware of social rank |
| 87. | stoic | enduring hardship without complaint |
| 88. | strict | enforcing rules firmly |
| 89. | technological | strongly shaped by technology |
| 90. | tolerant | accepting differing beliefs and practices |
| 91. | tradition-bound | strongly constrained by tradition |
| 92. | traditional | guided by long-established customs |
| 93. | tribal | centered on tribal identity |
| 94. | urban | shaped by city life |
| 95. | vibrant | full of energy and life |
| 96. | village-based | centered on village life |
| 97. | welcoming | friendly to newcomers and outsiders |
| 98. | westernized | influenced by Western customs |
| 99. | youth-oriented | focused on young people |
| 100. | youthful | marked by youthful energy |
